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Wear Metals

Iron (Fe)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Shafts, Pistons, Crosshead, Packing Glands, Gears, Housing Casting, Valves

• Rotary Compressors: Gears, Shafts, Bearings, Casting

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Shafts, Gears, Bearings, Valves

• Hydraulics: Rods, Cylinder, Gears, Shafts, Pistons

• Reciprocating Engines: Cylinder Liners, Rings, Gears, Crankshaft, Camshaft, Rods, Valve Train, Oil Pump Gear, Wrist Pins Casting Iron

• Transmissions: Gears, Disks, Housing, Bearings, Brakes Bands, Shafts

• Gear Systems: Gears, Shafts, Bearings, Casting

Chromium (Cr)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Shaft Plating, Ring Plating

• Rotary Compressors: Shafts, Bearings

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Shafts, Bearings

• Hydraulics: Rods, Cylinders, Gears, Shafts, Pistons

• Reciprocating Engines: Rings, Liners, Exhaust Valves, Shaft Plating, Stainless Steel Alloy

• Transmissions: Roller Bearings, Needle Bearings, Shafts

• Gear Systems: Roller Bearings, Needle Bearings, Shafts

Nickel (Ni)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Valves, Pins, Shafts, Gears

• Rotary Compressors: Shafts, Bearings

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Shafts, Bearings

• Hydraulics: Valves, Spools, Shafts

• Reciprocating Engines: Alloy in Valves, Crankshaft, Camshaft, Contaminant in Marine Bunker Fuels

• Transmissions: Steel Alloy from Bearings, Shafts

• Gear Systems: Steel Alloy from Bearings, Shafts

Aluminum (Al)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Aluminum Oxides from Silica (Dirt), Pistons, Bearings, Crossheads, Retainers

• Rotary Compressors: Case Casting, Impellers / Screws

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Thrust, Aluminum Oxides from Silica (Dirt), Heat Exchanger Core

• Hydraulics: Bearings, Thrust Plates, Pistons

• Reciprocating Engines: Pistons, Thrust Bearings, Turbo Bearings, Main / Rod Bearings in Cat Engines

• Transmissions: Pumps, Thrust Washers, Casting Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides from Dirt (Silica) Contamination

• Gear Systems: Pumps, Thrust Washers, Casting Aluminum, Aluminum Oxides from Dirt (Silica) Contamination

Copper (Cu)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Bearings, Bushings, Thrust Washers, Oil Cooler Tubing

• Rotary Compressors: Bearings Bushings, Thrust Plate, Cooler Core Tubing

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Bearings Bushings, Thrust Plate, Cooler Core Tubing

• Hydraulics: Bearings, Bushings, Thrust Washers, Oil Cooler Tubing

• Reciprocating Engines: Main / Rod Bearings (also look for lead), Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Tin and / or Zinc), Oil Cooler Core Tubing

• Transmissions: Clutch Plates, Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Tin and / or Lead & Zinc), Oil Cooler Core Tubing

• Gear Systems: Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Tin and / or Lead & Zinc), Cage Metal from Roller Bearings, Oil Cooler Core Tubing

Lead (Pb)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt), also look for Tin, Antimony, and Copper

• Rotary Compressors: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt), also look for Tin, Antimony, and Copper

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt), also look for Tin, Antimony, and Copper

• Hydraulics: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt) also look for Tin, Antimony, and Copper

• Reciprocating Engines: Overlay Metal in Main / Rod Bearings, sometimes, Solder, Aftermarket Additive

• Transmissions: Clutch Plates, Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Tin and / or Lead & Zinc)

• Gear Systems: Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Copper, Tin & Zinc), Cage Metal from Roller Bearings, Oil Cooler Core Tubing

Tin (Sn)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt), also look for Lead, Antimony and Copper, Flashing from Pistons, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

• Rotary Compressors: Bearings (Babbitt), Bushings, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Bearings (Babbitt), Bushings, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

• Hydraulics: Bearings (Babbitt), also look for Lead, Antimony and Copper, Bronze Bushings Flashing from Pistons, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

• Reciprocating Engines: Bearings (Babbitt), also look for Lead, Antimony and Copper, Bronze Bushings Flashing from Pistons, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

• Transmissions: Brass / Bronze Bushings (also look for Tin and / or Lead & Zinc)

• Gear Systems: Bearings, Bushings (Babbitt), also look for Lead, Antimony and Copper, Solder from Tin-Lead Solder

Silver (Ag)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Solder, Trace Element

• Rotary Compressors: Solder, Trace Element

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Solder, Trace Element

• Hydraulics: Solder, Trace Element

• Reciprocating Engines: Silver in Wrist Pin Bushings in EMD 567 & 745 Engines, some Solder from Cooler Core Joints

• Transmissions: Trace Element in some Needle Bearings, Solder from Oil Cooler Core Joints

• Gear Systems: Not usually found in Gear Systems, Possibly from Solder

Cadmium (Cd)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Alloy from Cadmium Aluminum Bearings, Environmental Contaminant

• Rotary Compressors: Alloy from Cadmium Aluminum Bearings, Environmental Contaminant

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Alloy from Cadmium Aluminum Bearings, Environmental Contaminant

• Hydraulics: Alloy from Cadmium Aluminum Bearings, Environmental Contaminant

• Reciprocating Engines: Environmental Contaminant

• Transmissions: Sometimes an Alloy Metal, Environmental Contaminant

• Gear Systems: Sometimes an Alloy Metal, Environmental Contaminant

Vanadium (V)

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Alloy Metal

• Rotary Compressors: Alloy Metal

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Alloy Metal

• Hydraulics: Alloy Metal

• Reciprocating Engines: Alloy Metal, Contaminant in Marine Bunker Fuels

• Transmissions: Usually not found in Transmissions, Possibly Environmental Contaminant

• Gear Systems: Usually not found in Gear Systems, Possibly Environmental Contaminant

Titanium

Possible Sources:

• Reciprocating Compressors: Valves, Piston Pins

• Rotary Compressors: Shafts, Gears, Bearings, Paint or Coatings

• Turbines / Centrifugal Compressors: Shafts, Gears, Bearings, Paint or Coatings

• Hydraulics: Valves, Piston Pins, Bearings, Shafts

• Reciprocating Engines: Valves, Piston Pins, Bearings, Shafts

• Transmissions: Shafts, Gears, Bearings, Paint or Coatings

• Gear Systems: Shafts, Gears, Bearings, Paint or Coatings

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